Until the age of exploration and the emergence of a new global economy, not europeans, dominated trade.
a. muslims
b. the chinese
c. hindus
d. south africans

india traded throughout the indian ocean basin, but once began to control the area, both asian and arab merchants were forced to pay protection money so their cargo would not be seized.
a. portugal
b. spain
c. africa
d. southeast asia

answer: an oligarchy is a political system in which the government is run by a group of noble families, or the elite wealthy members of a society. a present day oligarchic government is iran.

explanation:

8 - (2a + 7) = a + 40     distribute/multiply - into (2a + 7)

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

1 - 2a = a + 40       add 2a on both sides

1 = 3a + 40         subtract 40 on both sides

-39 = 3a       divide 3 on both sides

-13 = a

[proof]

8 - (2a + 7) = a + 40

8 - (2(-13) + 7) = -13 + 40

8 - (-26 + 7) = 27

8 - (-19) = 27

8 + 19 = 27

27 = 27