What impact did the protestant reform have on these country holy roman empire, scotland, england, ireland, italy/papal states, russia, france and ottoman empire?

If any state tribunal decides a federal question and the litigant has no further remedy within the state court system, from which of the following remedies could the litigant possibly benefit? a.a hearing by a us district courtb.a hearing by a federal court of appealsc.a hearing by the us supreme courtd.a congressional vote b, the correct one!