Need ! will mark as brainliest! ! 1. the social and economic impacts of pandemics on society 2. the causes and effects of the black death and the great famine on 14th century european societies 3. the economic and political causes for the rise of the italian city-states (florence, milan, naples, rome, venice) 4. the major influences on the architectural, artistic, and literary developments of renaissance italy (classical, byzantine, islamic, western european) the major artistic, literary, and technological contributions of individuals during the renaissance 5. characteristics of renaissance humanism in works of art 6. criticisms of the roman catholic church by individuals such as wycliffe, hus, and erasmus and their impact on later reformers 7. religious reforms associated with luther, calvin, zwingli, henry viii, and john of leyden and the effects of the reformation on europe 8. the roman catholic church’s response to the protestant reformation in the forms of the counter and catholic reformation 9. the causes that led to the age of exploration, and identify major voyages and sponsors 10. the effects of transportation, trade, communication, science, and technology on the preservation and diffusion of culture 11. the scope and impact of the columbian exchange on europe, africa, asia, and the americas 12. the various economic and political systems of portugal, spain, the netherlands, france, and england in the americas 13. the practice of slavery and other forms of forced labor experienced during the 13th through 17th centuries in east africa, west africa, europe, southwest asia, and the americas 14.the origins, developments, and impact of the trans-atlantic slave trade between west africa and the americas