"new" immigrants in the 1800s tended to be catholic or jewish, but most "old" immigrants were

though africans landed with few possessions, they carried their cultures, skills, and spiritual worldviews into the americas. wherever african religions took root in the new world, africans and their descendants changed and adapted their belief systems to local circumstances and influences. individual circumstances created variations in the way people practiced their faiths, what they believed, and what significance it held for their lives.

explanation:

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first industrial revolution - the first wave of the industrial revolution lasted from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s. it industrialized the manufacture of textiles and began the move of production from homes to factories. steam power and the cotton gin played an important role in this period.

formulating the initial idea for the policy

answer is c.