When a government collects more revenue in one year than it spends, there is a budget debt deficit surplus reversal

I believe the answer is surplus
If the government experience a surplus, the exceeding amount would most likely used for the operation in the next year's operation.
Government official's financing skills often measured by how well they manage to complete operational objectives relative to the surplus/deficit of their budget

He advocated for a separation of powers of the government and the ones enforcing the law.

The answer is d. depriving colonists of trial by jury.