Pope gregory vii and the german emperor henry iv fought over the issue of
a. the church’s collection of tithes.
b. papal appointment of bishops.
c. secular appointment of bishops.
d. rule of the papal states.

the crusaders are identified in the painting;

c. by the red crosses on their backs

image result for what are some causes and effects of pontiac's rebellion?

the colonists were also expected to pay a tax to meet the costs of establishing and manning the borders of the proclamation line which led to the belief that the king had sided with the indians despite pontiac's rebellion, against the interests of the settlers. this contributed to the causes of the american revolution.

the first 10 amendments to the u.s. constitution are known as the bill of rights. those 10 amendments establish the most basic freedoms for americans including the rights to worship how they want, speak how they want, and assembly and peaceably protest their government how they want. the amendments have also been subject to much interpretation since their adoption, particularly the right to carry a gun under the second amendment.

"a bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inference," said thomas jefferson, the author of the declaration of independence and the third president of the united states.