What was the primary route of travel in the 1800s?

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

in the 1950s, country music came into its own before rock-n-roll took off in the 60s while jazz and classical music continued to innovate