Why are the different versions of the incorporation doctrine so important for the rights of privacy and due process?

The incorporation is the political doctrine by which parts of the Bill of Rights have been gradually made applicable to the states.

When the Bill of Rights was ratified, state courts held that its provisions only extended those of the Federal Government and these did not place limitations on the authority of the State governments.

However, after the Civil War and with the enactment of the 13th Amendment which abolished slavery, more parts of the Bill of Rights were adopted by the states. These incorporations would continue with the 14th amendment in 1868 and the 15th amendment in 1870.

Therefore rights to privacy were extended to all citizens, regardless of the state they were located at.

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