List and explain three specific developments which increased the power of the church in the middle ages. how was the pope able to call for a holy war, or crusade, in the 11th century? what were two reasons given for the crusades?

The history of Christianity during the Middle Ages is the history of Christianity between the Fall of Rome (c. 476) and the onset of the Protestant Reformation during the early 16th century, the development usually taken to mark the beginning of modern Christianity. This is the period in European history known as the Middle Ages or Medieval era.

Among the dioceses, five held special eminence: Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria, generally referred to as the Pentarchy. The prestige of most of these sees depended in part on their apostolic founders, or in the case of Byzantium/Constantinople, that it was the new seat (New Rome) of the continuing Roman or Byzantine Empire. These bishops considered themselves the spiritual successors of those apostles.[1] In addition, all five cities were Early centers of Christianity.

the culture of the americas was influenced by the language, food, and music of africa.

explanation:

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the correct answer is "c: merchants" and "e. soldiers".

the song dynasty was known as the first government in the world to introduce paper currency. it was also the first chinese government which established a permanent standing navy. finally, the first compass was introduced during this period of government.

all of these innovations heavily affected commerce in a positive way. printed money dynamize commerce within the borders of the empire due to an easier way to quantify value during the trade. the introduction of the compass trade routes to be faster. finally, the introduction of a standing navy regulate trade routes.

regarding military affairs, gunpowder was created during this period. this was a tremendous improvement that was widely utilized by the military in order to innovate in the manufacturing of weapons.