Which of the following best describes the first battle of bull run? union forces staged a surprise attack but were forced to retreat. union forces staged a surprise attack and beat confederate forces. confederate forces staged a surprise attack and beat union forces. confederate forces staged a surprise attack but were forced to retreat.

The answer is "Union forces staged a surprise attack but were forced to retreat".

The First Battle of Bull Run is known by two names given to it by both the participants, the stated name was used by the Union forces while the name used by the Confederate forces was Battle of First Manassas. It was fought in 1861 and is considered the first major battle of American Civil War. Confederate won this battle and Union forces retreated.

a. the astrolabe could determine the correct latitudinal location of the ship