What is the purpose of the necessary and proper clause in the constitution?
a. to prevent congress from enacting any law that falls outside the scope of what is stated in the constitution
b. to grant congress implied powers so that the government could address unforeseeable issues and changes
c. to lay out the rules and regulations that congress must follow when holding elections and swearing in members
d. to keep the president from proposing bills or budgets to congress unless they are necessary and proper