Which of the following countries did not participate in the scramble for africa?
great britain
united states
germany
portugal

The United States did not participate in the Scramble for Africa. The Scramble for Africa is defined as "the invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914." However, all of these powers including the United States, which had one colony were involved in the scramble, it was just more of a scramble for the European countries and the United States claimed a colony.

Iwould say a, due to the fact these routes display many things that would be useful and provide explanations for how states are known.