What traits did medieval europe as compared with the roman empaire during this era

What are some incentives that parties have to carry out their campaign promises?

John locke viewed the social contract as a choice or "consent of the governed", where the people possess the power to change government. how did thomas hobbes see the social contract? man is born in chains, but can be set free through good deeds. man is born happy, but becomes more miserable as he ages. man is born poor, but can rely on other individuals for security. man is born selfish, but can give up some freedom in return for security provided by the government.

Indian scholars invented all of the following that we use today except .