•poll taxes
• literacy tests
• threatened violence
the measures in the list above all existed in southern states in order to undermine the content of
a the 15th amendment.
b the emancipation proclamation.
c the 13th amendment.
d the gettysburg address.

A. The 15th Amendment.

The 15th Amendment (1870) was the law that granted African American men the right to vote for the first time in the U.S. Ever since it was enacted, Southern states tried to put conditions and obstacles to deny them such right. For example, election officials imposed black people poll taxes, they'd tell them that they had gotten the date, time or polling place wrong, that they had filled out an application incorrectly or they had to recite the whole Constitution or to take literacy tests in order to be allowed to vote. To threaten them with violence was also common.

social contract theory basically says that all individuals are born equal, and provided a god given right to consent to be governed. american government is based of this

thomas hobbes and john locke said that we are selfish, individualistic, and constantly at war with each other, therefore we need to be controlled. 

government is defined as the legitimate use of force to control human behavior within territorial boundaries, here comes in hobbes and locke.

hobbes takes the part about controlling human behavior. while locke takes the part of legitimate use of force, since force is not legitimate unless there is consent of the people. 

there are basically 3 goals of the government: 1) maintain order by protecting life and property. 2) providing public goods, those which are typically not provided by the public sector, such as roads and education. 3) promote equality be it political, opportunist or outcome equality.