Why did the ottoman, safavid, and mughal empires decline more or less simultaneously?

the language dates from the contacts of arabian traders with the inhabitants of the east coast of africa over many centuries. under arab influence, swahili originated as a lingua franca used by several closely related bantu-speaking tribal groups.

  the common sense as a pamphlet written by thomas paine. it promoted the independence of the colonies from british rule. the distribution of this pamphlet was great, it reached people everywhere and it was even read aloud at places people met. it also unite the colonists before the revolutionary war.

answer is d