Nationalism increased competition for power among european nations because the desire for an empire was fueled by materialism. industrialization. patriotism. militarism.

Patriotism.

Explanation:

In a nutshell, Patriotism is the love and respect for a country. The first ideas related to patriotism were on the French Revolution when the defense of revolutionary ideals joint themselves with the desire to protecting the country against foreign nations. In the 19th century, this political idea increased, especially to the economic development that could be seen in the European countries. The feeling of being part of something bigger than the individual (in this case, a Nation), created the idea that the country should stand out over the others, and the people should do their role to accomplish this attempt. In the 19th century, this desire turns into what we call Imperialism (the conquest of new territories) and Arms race. These attempts were lead by Germany and Great Britain, but of course, each country in Europe was trying to be the best around.

a, c, & d are correct:

they wanted lands to settle the extra population.

they wanted new markets for english goods.

they wanted to avoid civil war.

it is relaxation hope this