Which of the following events motivated china to launch its self-strengthening movement in the 19th century?
a. its inability to control its population of serfs
b. its economic failures under communism
c. its defeat in wars against europeans
d. its devotion to laissez-faire economics

the story goes that because of this belief, constantine was able to defeat his foes. constantine became an ardent1 christian. christianity and other religions were tolerated under constantine's rule. constantine also was responsible for the building of a great cathedral in rome.

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explanation:

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