Which is not required for the development of civilization?
a. cities
b. various kinds of work
c. more food than is needed for survival
d. wheeled transportation

In general, "a. cities" are not required for the development of civilization, since many civilizations throughout history have been comprised of smaller villages that would not compare to modern or pre-modern cities. 

The native americans, spanish, french and americans all name places in our state. the word “arkansas” came from the quapaw indians, by way of early french explorers. at the time of the early french exploration, a tribe of indians, the quapaws, lived west of the mississippi and north of the arkansas river.

Answer is mass marketing.