What is it called when a group of people identify themselves based on distinct culture, belief system, religion, or history?

roosevelt essentially took the opposite approach as hoover in taking on the great depression. herbert hoover thought that america and its economy could naturally recover from the depression in due course, so he adamantly restrained the federal government from intervening on behalf of the people affected. on the other hand, roosevelt dramatically increased employment by expanding the federal government and establishing agencies that would aid in relieving some of the country's worst problems.

the western roman empire flourished, but the eastern portion of the empire struggled.