Why did many former colonies often experience difficulties when they achieved independence? include information from the lesson and the documents to support your claims.

In many cases, colonies were developed or even formed for the benefit of some colonial power. The needs and views of the population were not fully considered. This made independence difficult. For example, many states, such as Indonesia, had extreme ethnic diversity, which can lead to conflict. The economies of some states were structured to benefit the colonial powers, causing economic hardships after independence. Economic and political challenges often created political instability, resulting in dictatorships, such as in the Philippines, or military rule, such as in Cambodia and Burma (Myanmar).

these civilizations were located around fertile rivers, where they could produce an abundance of crops

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