An african american organization founded in detroit in 1930 was a) the student nonviolent coordinating committee. b) the congress of racial equality. c) the christian leadership conference. d) the nation of islam.

The right answer is D) the Nation of Islam.

Founded in July 4, 1930 in Detroit, Michigan The Nation of Islam or NOI. The organization had little to do with Islam and everything to do with its domineering leader, Elijah Muhammad, and the cult-like devotion he required. Muhammad, a Georgian, characterized whites as “devils” and espoused black nationalism, racial pride, self-respect, and self-discipline. One of it's prominent members was the civil rights activist Malcolm X. By 1953, a year after leaving prison, Malcolm X was a full-time NOI minister famous for his angry but electrifying speeches decrying white racism and black passivity, as well as his abilities as a grassroots community organizer.

the alfred thayer mahan award for literary achievement is awarded each year by the navy league of the united states. the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation. presented since 1957, "this award for literary achievement is awarded to a u.s. navy officer, u.s. marine corps officer, enlisted service member, or civilian who has made a notable literary contribution that has advanced the knowledge of the importance of sea power in the united states."[1]