The 1848 springtime of peoples were attempts by the citizens of numerous states to

Begin their own revolutions.

Explanation:

Spring of the Peoples is the name given to a series of liberal revolutionary movements that occurred throughout Europe during the year 1848. With the French Revolution of 1789, libertarian ideals spread throughout Europe, frightening the European absolutist monarchies. In this scenario is instituted the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, which sought a restoration of the old order in force (pre-1789). Monarchies that had been abolished were restored, and repressive policies were again applied to the population.

For the most part, the revolts throughout Europe were controlled, and the social changes which the revolutionary movements so longed for ended up stifled by the emerging Second Industrial Revolution and by a tenuous economic lull that would be accompanied by a political lull.

a and c?

i think it is a and c