What significance did the domination of southern spain by the umayyad caliphate have on europe? 1) europeans became dependent on goods from the middle east and asia. 2) an influx of gold from mansa musa i’s empire improved the european economy. 3) spain became the center of muslim culture due to the increased volume of art and architecture. 4) spaniards migrated to africa to escape the invasion of the umayyad caliphate.