“equal rights for all, special privileges to none” was the slogan of the:

 Jefferson and Jackson both used the slogan "equal rights for all, special privileges for none." 
At that time it was a time of white supremacy especially for men and blacks had no rights. African Americans even after getting their freedom were treated with prejudice and had no right to vote etc. Making the slogan just a slogan and not achieving the targeted goals.

c

explanation:

the right choice would be a. culture within the city-state. c. loyalty to the police. d separation by land and sea.