Of the following societal advancement in early societies which one happen first

it took two men to wrestle rome back from chaos and turn a republic into an empire. in the first century bc, rome was a republic. power lay in the hands of the senate, elected by roman citizens. but the senators were fighting for power between themselves.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.