From a western context, such as in germany and italy, the rise of nationalism and nation-states was most related to what?

Why do countries create guidelines and laws on how a country is going to be run?

How is thomas jefferson related to the war of 18122 a. during his term, he made defense cuts that left americans at a military disadvantage b. as madison’s vice president, he served as a commander in chie c. he convinced congress to declare war though his propaganda efforts d. he authored the treaty ghent which ends the war

In their competition for power nations raced to