The actions by a person, people, city, state, and/or government to make up for past mistakes. A. reparations
B. penalty
C. theft
D. extortion

A.) Reparations

Explanation:

A.) is correct because reparations involve making amends for past wrongdoings

B.) is incorrect because penalties involve imposing a punishment on someone for breaking a rule

C.) is incorrect because theft involves stealing something that is not yours

D.) is incorrect because extortion involves obtaining something through threats or force

the enslaved people onboard suffered from illness with some frequency

d. it gave farmers a way to organize for more political power