was the connection between Western Europe and Islamic Empires in the Middle East.

solid. liquid. gas. is this what u mean?

i think the answer is d hope this

after the success of the sputnik launch in 1957, the us feared that they would not be able to send satellites to space.

their earlier attempts of building and sending a spacecraft failed miserably, and the soviets successfully did it. it gave rise to the era of cold war.