Map of the United States labeled "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and Gadsden Purchase.". The map is divided into the 48 states of the mainland U. S. The states are not labeled. All the states appear white except for the following: Red, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, California, Nevada, most of Arizona, Utah, western New Mexico and part of Colorado. Orange, Gadsden Purchase, Southern Arizona. ©National Atlas of the United States

What was a long-term effect of the events pictured in the map?

Migration of settlers from Texas into Mexico
Mexico ceded more than a half of its territory
Increased military presence on the Texas/Mexico border
American settlers returned their lands