According to Chief Justice John Marshall, Congress is not constricted to simply the enumerated powers. Instead, it may justify legislative action if it is "necessary and proper" to the carrying out of any enumerated power. a) List some examples of congressional use of the "necessary and proper" justification.
b) Discuss whether or not the laws are in fact "necessary and proper" to carrying out the enumerated power to which they are linked.
c) Try crafting your own law (e. g., some version of educational reform).
d) Develop an argument to support your position that the proposed law is necessary and proper to carry out a power enumerated to the national government.