The use of

is the use of previous rulings to develop and understanding of the law.

explanation:

the president, prime minister, chief justice, speakers and ministers take their oath of office. the oath is taken in bengali

  the common sense as a pamphlet written by thomas paine. it promoted the independence of the colonies from british rule. the distribution of this pamphlet was great, it reached people everywhere and it was even read aloud at places people met. it also unite the colonists before the revolutionary war.

answer is d

where is the map at?