Rutherford B. Hayes Leadership before becoming President

In 1876 the Electoral College made Hayes president in one of the most contentious elections in U.S. history. He had lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J Tilden, but won an intensely disputed electoral-college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him 20 contested electoral votes.

the french attack on germany was caused by the military alliance

pan-africanism or pan-africanism is a political, philosophical, cultural and social movement that promotes african twinning, the defense of the rights of african people and the unity of africa under a single sovereign state, for all africans, both africa as of the african diasporas.