What long-term consequences did the Columbian exchange have on native peoples in the Americas?

Physical and psychological stress, including mass violence, compounded their effect. The impact was most severe in the Caribbean, where by 1600 Native American populations on most islands had plummeted by more than 99 percent. Across the Americas, populations fell by 50 percent to 95 percent by 1650.

Explanation:

A. It forced native kingdoms to form joint-stock companies that weakened their economies.

B. It brought farming techniques to the Americas for the first time.

C. It resulted in disease outbreaks that devastated native populations.

D. It helped native empires to expand their territories using gunpowder weapons.

Explanation:

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the romans were initially interested in expansion via sicily (which at that time was a cultural melting pot), part of which lay under carthaginian control. at the start of the first punic war (264-241 bc), carthage was the dominant power of the western mediterranean, with an extensive maritime empire