Explain how Timbuktu became a center of scholarship and learning--and how it stopped being that.

there is no photo, therefore i can not answer your question.

the safahids used force when persuasion to convert from being a sunni muslim to embrace shi'ism was not effective. they also persecute shi'ites who have different views from their imposed teachings.

d.)   when the us left nato after the end of the cold war and they had to evolve to focus on more humanitarian measures with the smaller budget