Why was Western Europe considered 'uncivilized' in the Dark Ages?

christopher columbus (1492–1504)

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.

your answer would be a) no nation can be economically self-sufficient.

stay in school!

im not sure on this one