Who created the medieval torture device and when pls cite a website if u can ty

Torture in the Medieval Inquisition began in 1252 with a papal bull Ad Extirpanda and ended in 1816 when another papal bull forbade its use. Although the torture that was sanctioned by the bull was less severe than the torture that could be found in contemporary secular courts.

The device was invented in the 16th century Spain

Explanation:

when the institution of Inquisition was widespread and new and brutal techniques of torture were being devised. The torturers were given specific amount of money as their fee and their main task was to extract the required information from the victims.

c.) biotic: snails; abiotic: temperature climate

answer; andrew jackson approved nullification by signing it into law,and john calhoun opposed it saying it was unconstitutional;