2. The restriction of immigration in the U. S. was a direct result of what movement in Europe?

i think the answer is b.

map scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. for example, on a 1: 100000 scale map, 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.

it allows shippers to carry commercial goods, which allows them to save time and money.