A. Why did Congress feel the need to boost American morale by releasing this address in early 17782
The American army had given up and began to side with the British.
b. Americans were beginning to lose hope of winning their independence.
c. Congress hoped people would donate much needed supplies.
d. Congress used the address as a way to trick the British.

answer; taking up arms to defend the nation;

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explanation:

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the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.