What issue started fracturing the country and why?"

the question is asking about the things that may have affected and what they effects had on the spanish conquest and settlement of america

explanation:

the court ruled that a state law that banned abortions (except to save the life of the mother) was unconstitutional

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julius caesar turned the roman republic into the roman empire by coming in and taking the "dictator" role during the time of a civil war (elites vs lower classes) winning battles and reputation, then declaring him dictator for life

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small european communities with shared traditions consolidated into large new states (apex)