A challenge that Italy faced after unification was

richer and had more cities

The economic imbalance between north and south and or lack of educational systems and lack of raw materials the problems were literacy and poverty.

Explanation: ...

first industrial revolution - the first wave of the industrial revolution lasted from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s. it industrialized the manufacture of textiles and began the move of production from homes to factories. steam power and the cotton gin played an important role in this period.

it refers to race, i am pretty sure this was a popular term in nazi germany or something.