What two reforms did Nicholas the second introduce after the revolution in 1905

federal appellate courts are called courts of appeals. cases can be further appealed to the u.s. supreme court. cases are heard for the first time in a trial court. if either party disagrees with the decision in the trial court, they can appeal, asking a higher court to review the decision.

i think its provide for the common defense

the answer is b.

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nothing certain is known about what happened, but it seems that the country declined gradually, perhaps due to bad government, or, more likely, due to a series of bad harvests, which resulted in widespread and recurrent famine.