All of the following statements about dual federalism are true except:
a. the us government practiced dual federalism from 1789 – 1860.
b. the 13th amendment to the constitution established dual federalism.
c. under dual federalism, state governments dealt with issues directly affecting people.
d. under dual federalism, the federal government was concerned mostly with foreign relations.

Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism, refers to the governmental system where the national federal government and the state government have divided their responsibilities evenly and they do not interfere with each other. The problem with this system consists in the hard task to draw the boundaries between State-responsibilities and National Government-responsibilities in the modern world, because plenty of activities require of multiple relations that cross state-borders.

The false statement is the option B, The 13th Amendment to the Constitution established dual federalism. Because the 13th Amendment states slavery is abolished, which is a different topic than dual federalism.