2. What is the relationship between distance from the Sun and average surface
temperature?

The temperature of the earth's surface drops as it gets further away from the sun. Venus is an exception because its dense atmosphere works as a greenhouse, causing the surface to heat up to temperatures exceeding the melting point of lead, which is around 880 degrees Fahrenheit.

the romans were initially interested in expansion via sicily (which at that time was a cultural melting pot), part of which lay under carthaginian control. at the start of the first punic war (264-241 bc), carthage was the dominant power of the western mediterranean, with an extensive maritime empire