in the late nineteenth century, who experimented on dogs to evaluate their "conditioned" responses, like salivation?

Ivan Pavlov

Explanation:

In 1897, Ivan Pavlov experimented on dogs by giving them food at certain times of the day. Then introducing different "signals" when food would be given. Example, He rung a bell before he fed the dogs. Then, after doing this a few times he rung the bell without feeding them. The dogs started salivating and expecting food.

answer: the ocean

explanation: if you map out 30 n and 40 n latitude, you will get the ocean