What was the role of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt?

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Explanation:

As ancient Egyptian rulers, pharaohs were both the heads of state and the religious leaders of their people. As a statesman, the pharaoh made laws, waged war, collected taxes, and oversaw all the land in Egypt (which was owned by the pharaoh). Many scholars believe the first pharaoh was Narmer, also called Menes.

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they made rome the dominant power in the mediterranean.

your answer would be (b)