1. As a persuasive speaker, what steps must you take to avoid manipulating your audience? As an audience member, how can you make sure speakers don’t manipulate you? 2. What key differences distinguish practical persuasion from issue-based persuasion? Specifically, how will these differences influence your choice of topic(s) this term?

3. An issue-based speech to persuade on a question of fact usually focuses on influencing the audience’s thinking more than their behavior. Why so? Can you think of exceptions to this general rule? When would a call to action be appropriate for a persuasive speech on a question of fact?

4. How does a call for an active audience response in a speech on questions of value differ from the response a speaker might call for in a speech on questions of policy?

5. The authors recommend three possible organizational patterns for speeches on questions of policy: problem–solution, problem–cause–solution, and Monroe’s motivated sequence. Why do these patterns work better than the other organizational patterns for this type of speech?

6. The differences between positive and negative audiences should be clear. But can you explain how divided, uninformed, and apathetic audiences differ? Can you think of topics that would likely fall into all five categories (positive, negative, divided, uninformed, apathetic) for your audience this term?

7. What unique ethical considerations face persuasive speakers when they’re addressing questions of fact? What ethical considerations are associated with questions of value? What ethical issues must a persuasive speaker who is addressing a question of policy confront?As a persuasive speaker, what steps must you take to avoid manipulating your audience?