How did the idea of anti Semitic change in the 19th century

As Christianity spread in the first centuries CE, most Jews continued to reject that religion. As a consequence, by the 4th century, Christians tended to regard Jews as an alien people who, because of their repudiation of Christ and his church, were condemned to perpetual migration (a belief best illustrated in the legend of the Wandering Jew). When the Christian church became dominant in the Roman Empire, its leaders inspired many laws by Roman emperors designed to segregate Jews and curtail their freedoms when they appeared to threaten Christian religious domination. As a consequence, Jews were increasingly forced to the margins of European society.

Gustave Doré: illustration of the Wandering Jew

Gustave Doré: illustration of the Wandering Jew

The Wandering Jew, illustration by Gustave Doré, 1856.

Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd.

Enmity toward the Jews was expressed most acutely in the church’s teaching of contempt. From St. Augustine in the 4th century to Martin Luther in the 16th, some of the most eloquent and persuasive Christian theologians excoriated the Jews as rebels against God and murderers of the Lord. They were described as companions of the Devil and a race of vipers. Church liturgy, particularly the scriptural readings for the Good Friday commemoration of the Crucifixion, contributed to this enmity. Such views were finally renounced by the Roman Catholic Church decades after the Holocaust with the Vatican II declaration of Nostra aetate (Latin: “In Our Era”) in 1965, which transformed Roman Catholic teaching regarding Jews and Judaism.

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explanation:

explanation:

the addition to geographic boundaries that might have  kept the people of the huang river civilization from traveling to far distance region is that they had learned about the other river valley civilizations but feared contact would bring invasion.

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