The British executive power possesses all the authority properly appertaining to [concerning] a sovereign, but he is surrounded by a triple line of dams, barriers, and stockades. . . . [N]ot even decrees of royal authority can exempt them from this responsibility. The executive is commander in chief of the army and navy; he makes peace and declares war; but Parliament annually determines what sums are to be paid to these military forces. While the courts and judges are dependent on the executive power, the laws originate in and are made by Parliament. —Simón de Bolívar:
Message to the Congress of Angostura, 1819
Which of these Enlightenment philosophers’ ideas is supported by Bolívar in this passage?
Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers
Locke’s idea of natural rights
Voltaire’s idea of freedom of religion
Hobbes’s idea of the social contract