What enabled Bourbon-era leaders to establish the convict labor system? O the use of immigrants to help build railroads
the increase in wages paid to factory workers
the increasing skill level of freedmen as education spread
the use of vagrancy laws to imprison large numbers of freedmen

the use of vagrancy laws to imprison large numbers of freedmen

Explanation:

The use of vagrancy laws to imprison large numbers of freedmen enabled Bourbon-era leaders to establish the convict labor system.

This is because, with the convict labor system, prisoners were used to perform manual labor that brought good profit to the masters.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

utilized the penal colony