The map below shows routes taken by African Americans who participated in the Great Migration: A map of the continental United States with state abbreviations. Major cities in the East, Midwest, and California are indicated with a dot and labeled. Three directional arrows show paths from the South to the regions named. One arrow connects the Southeast with eastern cities. A second arrow connects the central South with midwestern cities. A third arrow connects the Southwest to the Midwest and the West. The legend of map is titled Great Migration 1900-1929.
© 2012 The Exploration Company
What describes a pull factor that drew African Americans during the Great Migration?

a. the sale of inexpensive land by the federal government
b. the construction of low-cost government housing in growing cities
c. the absence of segregation and racial discrimination outside the South
d. the availability of good jobs in the North and West